{"id":14576,"date":"2026-05-15T14:39:29","date_gmt":"2026-05-15T18:39:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/home.hamptonu.edu\/science\/?page_id=14576"},"modified":"2026-05-15T15:15:25","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T19:15:25","slug":"dpt-research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/home.hamptonu.edu\/science\/physical-therapy\/dpt-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Department of Physical Therapy Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The research efforts of the Physical Therapy department at Hampton University focuses on innovations in curriculum and instruction related to DPT education, rehabilitative interventions that reduce health disparities, and health services research to determine the impact of physical therapy on healthcare delivery and costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Diversity Equity and Inclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>2021 American Physical Therapy Association Education Leadership Conference \u2013 Education Session<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Physical Therapy; A Review of the Literature and Strategies for Sustainable Change<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S. Chris Owens, PT, ScD<br>Pamela Tucker, PT, DPT<br>Ayodele Akinremi, PT PhD<br>Jasmine Omar, DPT<br>Yolanda Rainey, PT, DPT<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Summit Professional Education Webinar 10\/10\/2022 \u2013\u00a0<em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Physical Therapy<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S. Chris Owens, PT, ScD<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.summit-education.com\/non-ce-courses\/diversity-equity-and-inclusion-in-physical-therapy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/blog.summit-education.com\/non-ce-courses\/diversity-equity-and-inclusion-in-physical-therapy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Hampton University Stadiometry Research Lab<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<p>The Hampton University Stadiometry Research Lab\u00a0is focused on investigations to determine the impact of loading, recovery postures and manual physical therapy on lumbar intervertebral disc hydration. A stadiometer is precision measurement instrument which we use to determine differences in spine height which reflect water content in the lumbar intervertebral disc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Publications and Presentations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Owens SC. Intervertebral Disc Hydration Management: An Integrated Biomedical and Biopsychosocial Approach to Low Back Pain. Symposium American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Annual Conference. October 2020. Virtual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rubinic DM, Koo V, Dudley J, Owens SC. Changes in spinal height after manual axial traction or side lying: a clinical measure of intervertebral disc hydration using stadiometry. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2019;42(3):187-194.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Owens SC. A Comprehensive Approach to Patient Examination, Treatment and Management of Low Back Pain. Symposium American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Annual Conference. November 2019. Chicago, Illinois.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"497\" height=\"742\" src=\"https:\/\/home.hamptonu.edu\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/160\/2026\/05\/dpt_stadiometry_research_lab.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of a student demonstrating the Stadiometry Research Lab.\" class=\"wp-image-14578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/home.hamptonu.edu\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/160\/2026\/05\/dpt_stadiometry_research_lab.jpg 497w, https:\/\/home.hamptonu.edu\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/160\/2026\/05\/dpt_stadiometry_research_lab-201x300.jpg 201w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Our Human Patient Simulator Lab<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<p>Our Human Patient Simulator Lab\u00a0has two life-size\u00a0mannequins\u00a0that can be programmed with patient case scenarios that allow the simulator to demonstrate a wide range of normal and abnormal physiological responses. Students develop clinical problem solving and critical thinking skills for all aspects of patient assessment, patient monitoring, and clinical intervention. Experiences with the simulators are designed to progress the student from assessment of basic vital signs through patient assessment and treatment of complex patient case scenarios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2018 Publication \u2013 The Effectiveness of Implementation of High-Fidelity Human Simulation Training on Student Perceived Confidence in Managing Patients in Critical Care Environments<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" data-src=\"https:\/\/home.hamptonu.edu\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/160\/2026\/05\/human_patient_simulator_lab.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of students participating in the Human Patient Simulator Lab.\" class=\"wp-image-14580 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/home.hamptonu.edu\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/160\/2026\/05\/human_patient_simulator_lab.jpg 768w, https:\/\/home.hamptonu.edu\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/160\/2026\/05\/human_patient_simulator_lab-300x200.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 768px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 768\/512;\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Musculoskeletal Differential Diagnosis in Physical Therapy Practice<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDirect access\u201d is the term describing the ability of a patient to seek treatment from a physical therapist without a prescription or referral from a physician. Direct access allows physical therapists to practice as primary care providers for individuals with musculoskeletal impairments. A critical element of direct access is the physical therapist\u2019s competence in the area of differential diagnosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Publications in this are include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Owens SC. Clinical examination considerations for an adolescent distance runner with a fibular stress fracture.\u201d Yoga Phys Ther Rehabil. 2018.3(5): 164-167.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gavinpublishers.com\/article\/view\/clinical-examination-considerations-for-an-adolescent-distance-runner-with-a-fibular-stress-fracture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.gavinpublishers.com\/article\/view\/clinical-examination-considerations-for-an-adolescent-distance-runner-with-a-fibular-stress-fracture<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Owens SC. Examination and Conservative Management of Shoulder Pain: A Case Study Using Systematic Tissue Specific Approach. Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation . Nov 2017.1(1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scitechnol.com\/peer-review\/examination-and-conservative-management-of-shoulder-paina-systematic-tissue-specific-approach-v8GR.php?article_id=6843\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.scitechnol.com\/peer-review\/examination-and-conservative-management-of-shoulder-paina-systematic-tissue-specific-approach-v8GR.php?article_id=6843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Owens SC, Tucker P, Rainey Y, Edmunds B, Shetty A. Student Perceived Competence in Direct Access to Physical Therapy in a Doctor of Physical Therapy Program at a Historically Black University. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. 2014:25(4) 1966-1981.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Doctor of Physical Therapy Instruction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The department has evaluated methods of improving academic outcomes in Doctor of Physical Therapy Programs through investigations of the utility of implementation of a retention efforts and evaluation of quantitative measures used to make admissions decisions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2022 American Physical Therapy Association Education Leadership Conference \u2013 Poster Presentation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Use of Quantitative Pre-Admission Criteria to Predict Academic Difficulty and Dismissal in a Doctor of Physical Therapy Program at a Historically Black University<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S. Chris Owens, PT, ScD<br>Yolanda Rainey, PT, DPT Pamela Tucker, PT, DPT<br>Ayodele Akinremi, PT PhD<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2021 American Physical Therapy Association Education Leadership Conference \u2013 Platform Presentation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Utilizing HBCUs to Diversify Healthcare Professions: A Focus Group Study on Academic Success<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anderson T,&nbsp;Iriarte S, Allen K, Caudill K, Owens SC<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Owens SC, Rainey Y, Tucker P, Edmunds B. Effectiveness of a Retention Program to Improve Performance During the First Semester of a Doctor of Physical Therapy Program. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. 2018:29(1) 423-440.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Owens SC, Jui T, Winters Q, Rainey Y, Tucker P. Student perceptions of peer tutoring in a doctor of physical therapy program. JNSAH. 2014;11(12):31 \u2013 41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/docview\/1540097927?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;fromopenview=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/docview\/1540097927?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;fromopenview=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: true, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-1&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-ast-global-color-4-color has-ast-global-color-0-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-f1502ef1f2f882c0668beb329852c4c3\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-1-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-1\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Architecture<\/span><\/button><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-1\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-1-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#e2eaf4;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p><strong>Architectural Acculturation<br>First Year<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th><strong>Course<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Title<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Credits<\/strong><\/th><th><\/th><th><strong>Course<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Title<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Credits<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ARC&nbsp;&nbsp;101<\/td><td>Studio &amp; Lab<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>ARC&nbsp;&nbsp;102<\/td><td>Studio+Lab<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ARC 207<\/td><td>Architectural History I<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>ARC 208<\/td><td>Architectural History II<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENG 101<\/td><td>Written Communications I<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>ENG 102<\/td><td>Written Communications II<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Elec\/MAT 117<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;MAT 118<\/td><td>Pre-Calculus II<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;UNV 101<\/td><td>Individual &amp; Life<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;Elective<\/td><td>Art<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-2&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-ast-global-color-4-color has-ast-global-color-0-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-930eb75ab0b7fa96e544e0789d0a3ccd\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-2-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-2\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Chemistry<\/span><\/button><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-2\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-2-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#e2eaf4;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p><strong>Architectural Acculturation<br>First Year\u00a0\u00a0(American Chemical Society Certification)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Course<\/th><th>Title<\/th><th>Credits<\/th><th><\/th><th>Course<\/th><th>Title<\/th><th>Credits<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ENG 101<\/td><td>English Composition<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>ENG 102<\/td><td>English composition<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mat 151<\/td><td>Calculus I<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Mat 152<\/td><td>Calculus II<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CHE 201<\/td><td>General Chemistry I<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>CHE 202<\/td><td>General Chemistry II<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HIS 106<\/td><td>World Civilization<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>SOC 205<\/td><td>Introduction Sociology<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HEAL 106<\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>COM 103<\/td><td>Freshman Orientation<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNV 101<\/td><td>Freshman Orientation<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>First Year\u00a0\u00a0(Forensic Chemistry Concentration)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Course<\/th><th>Title<\/th><th>Credits<\/th><th><\/th><th>Course<\/th><th>Title<\/th><th>Credits<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ENG 101<\/td><td>English Composition<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>ENG 102<\/td><td>English Composition<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mat 151<\/td><td>Calculus I<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Mat 152<\/td><td>Calculus II<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CHE 201<\/td><td>General Chemistry<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>CHE 202<\/td><td>General Chemistry II II<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HIS 106<\/td><td>World Civilization<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>SOC 205<\/td><td>Introduction Sociology&nbsp;<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNV 101<\/td><td>Freshman Orientation<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>COM 103<\/td><td>Freshman Orientation<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-3&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-ast-global-color-4-color has-ast-global-color-0-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-a2131460deeae11f78b31fd1b3e88320\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-3-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-3\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Aviation Management<\/span><\/button><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-3\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-3-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#e2eaf4;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p><strong>Air Traffic Control<br>First Year<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Course<\/th><th>Title<\/th><th>Credits<\/th><th><\/th><th>Course<\/th><th>Title<\/th><th>Credits<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>APS 101<\/td><td>Weather &amp; Climate<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>AVN 152<\/td><td>Aviation Seminar II<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AVN 151<\/td><td>Aviation Seminar I<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>AVN 153<\/td><td>Aviation Foundations I<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AVN 162<\/td><td>Private Pilot Ground School<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>AVN 170<\/td><td>ATC Foundations<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AVN 181<\/td><td>Intro to Airport Systems<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>ENG<br>102<\/td><td>Written Communication II<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENG<br>101<\/td><td>Written Communication<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>HIS 106<\/td><td>World Civilizations<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNV 101<\/td><td>University Life<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>HEA\/PED<\/td><td>HEA\/PED<\/td><td>&nbsp;2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Airport Administration<br>First Year<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong><u>Course<\/u><\/strong><\/td><td><strong><u>Title<\/u><\/strong><\/td><td>&nbsp;<strong><u>Credits<\/u><\/strong><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<strong><u>Course<\/u><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Title<\/strong><\/td><td>&nbsp;<strong><u>Credits<\/u><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>APS 101<\/td><td>Weather &amp; Climate<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>AVN 152<\/td><td>Aviation Seminar II<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AVN 151<\/td><td>Aviation Seminar I<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>AVN 153<\/td><td>Aviation Foundations I<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AVN 162<\/td><td>Private Pilot Ground School<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>AVN 170<\/td><td>ATC Foundations w\/ Lab<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AVN 181<\/td><td>Intro to Airport Systems<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>HIS<br>106ENG<br>102<\/td><td>World Civilization II<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENG<br>101<\/td><td>Written Communication<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>ENG<br>102<\/td><td>Written Communication II<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNV 101<\/td><td>University Life<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>HEA\/PED<\/td><td>HEA\/PED<\/td><td>&nbsp;2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-4&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-ast-global-color-4-color has-ast-global-color-0-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-dee8525ca1c13ede2f0bdc568e30cd61\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-4-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-4\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><span 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